Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 2008-210X 5 3 2011 10 01 A Localized Sclerosing Osteomyelitis at the Periapex of a Vital Tooth: Report of a Misdiagnosis 102 105 EN Fatemeh Owlia • Mohammad-Hassan Akhavan Karbassi Narges Mirjalili Shokouh Taghipour Zahir Neda Gholami Sharare Karimi Journal Article 2011 03 14 2011 06 23 Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory infectious condition of bones, occurring either acutely or chronically. The clinical course of the disease leads to destructive or sclerosing patterns of the involved bone. This report presents a case of chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis in a 19-year-old male with a history of an uncontrolled convulsive condition. The lesion was first diagnosed as an osteoblastoma. Chronic trauma or traumatic occlusion has the potential to induce osteomyelitis and should be considered a possible diagnosis in differentiating periapical radiopacities, even in relation with vital teeth.