Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 2008-210X 16 2 2022 10 15 Detection of a rare AXIN2 variant in an Iranian family with hypodontia and oligodontia 107 111 10.34172/joddd.2022.018 EN Shiva Safari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-5135 Asghar Ebadifar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8946-954X Hossien Najmabadi Koorosh Kamali Seyedeh Sedigheh Abedini Mohammad Mousavi Journal Article 10.34172/joddd.2022.018 2021 11 22 2022 02 04 Background. Hypodontia, or the absence of one or more teeth during tooth formation, is a highly prevalent dental anomaly. Nevertheless, the main causes are still unknown. Mutations in PAX9, MSX1, WNT10A, and AXIN2 genes are most commonly associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in the literature. This study investigated these candidate genes in an Iranian family with non-syndromic hypodontia and oligodontia. Methods. Peripheral blood samples of the proband and her family members were collected, and DNA extractions using the salting-out method were carried out. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing for candidate genes were performed. Results. A missense variant (rs4904210) was identified in the PAX9 gene, with one heterozygous missense variant (rs2240308) and one stop-gained variant (rs121908568) in the AXIN2 gene. Conclusion. By surveying similar studies and analyzing the variant in bioinformatics websites, we concluded that the heterozygous stop-gained variant rs121908568 in exon 8 of the AXIN2 gene could be responsible for tooth agenesis in the Iranian population.