Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 2008-210X 18 3 2024 09 07 Have orthodontists changed their retention and follow-up protocols due to contemporary orthodontics? An online survey 225 231 10.34172/joddd.41030 EN Liliana Ávila Maltagliati https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-8048 Sandra Maria Mesquita Alves Uchôa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2028-981X Rogéria Cristina Calastro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6247-8427 Mayara Paim Patel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4820-7532 Ana Carla Raphaelli Nahás https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0643-8444 Hélio Doyle Pereira da Silva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-2771 Murilo Matias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-8920 Journal Article 10.34172/joddd.41030 2024 01 28 2024 08 14 Background. With advancements in orthodontic technology, treatment durations have shortened, often concluding at earlier ages. This shift prompts scrutiny of contemporary retention and post-treatment protocols. The study aimed to assess current professional preferences, compare them against patient age and treatment duration, and investigate the potential impacts of reduced treatment times on professional protocols, particularly when treatment concludes before pubertal growth. Methods. A questionnaire comprising 12 multiple-choice questions focused on active treatment and retention phases was developed using an online survey platform. It was distributed to licensed orthodontists engaged in patient treatment. Bivariate analysis was conducted using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test, with pairwise comparisons facilitated by the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner method. Results. Of 743 respondents, representing a 32% response rate, approximately 70% reported initiating treatment with fixed appliances in pre-pubertal patients. The most prevalent treatment combination involved commencing treatment during early permanent dentition and lasting between 12 to 24 months, resulting in treatment completion before full growth maturation. No discernible individualization was observed in retention protocols or post-retention follow-ups. Traditional retainer prescription post-orthodontic therapy was unanimous among respondents. Notably, experienced orthodontists tended to prefer regular patient visits for follow-up, while less experienced counterparts discharged patients after 12 months. Conclusion. Contemporary orthodontic treatments are characterized by shorter durations, yet orthodontists have not adopted retention and post-treatment follow-up practices accordingly. There is a pressing need for evidence-based guidelines to develop protocols tailored to the shorter treatment durations and the increasing prevalence of younger patients completing treatment.