Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 2008-210X 1 1 2007 03 01 Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary First Permanent Molars in an Iranian Population 1 5 EN Shahriar Shahi • Hamid Reza Yavari Saeed Rahimi Ali Ahmadi Journal Article 2006 10 18 2007 01 27 Background and aims. It is critical to have a proper knowledge of the normal anatomy of the pulp and its variations for the success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in the root canal system of maxillary first permanent molars in an Iranian population. Materials and methods. In this study, 137 maxillary first molars were decalcified, dye-injected, cleared and studied. Results. The results demonstrated that 37.96% of the maxillary first molars under study had three canals, 58.4% had four canals and 3.64% had five canals. Conclusion. According to the results of this study and considering variations in the root canal systems of maxillary first molars, it seems that great care should be taken in the root canal treatment of these teeth.