Aparna H Gopalkrishna
1,2*, Seshagiri M
3, Sunil Muddaiah
3, Shashidara R
41 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
2 Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
3 Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
4 Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Background. Opportunistic fungal infections like candidiasis are common in the oral cavity. In recent years <italic>Candida </italic>species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study assessed the antifungal activity of <italic>Centratherum anthelminticum</italic> and <italic>Ocimum sanctum</italic> seed oils against six common pathogenic <italic>Candida </italic>strains. Synergistic activity of the major oil components was also studied.Methods. Antifungal activity of <italic>Centratherum anthelminticum </italic>and <italic>Ocimum sanctum </italic>seed oils were tested against six oral fungal pathogens, <italic>Candida albicans</italic> ATCC 90028, <italic>Candida krusei</italic> 6258, <italic>Candida tropicalis </italic>13803, <italic>Candida parapsilosis</italic>22019, <italic>Candida glabrata</italic> 90030 and <italic>Candida dubliniensis </italic>MYA 646, by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. The oil was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus from seeds subjected to columnchromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) and major components were separated and quantified.Results. All the six <italic>Candida</italic> strains showed growth inhibition to a variable degree when tested with both seed oils. Both seed oils showed antifungal activity. For <italic>Centratherum anthelminticum </italic>seed oil maximum DIZ at 7 μL was recorded at 75.7 mm for <italic>Candida albicans </italic>ATCC 90028, and the least DIZ was 45.7 mm for <italic>Candida dubliniensis</italic> MYA 646. For <italic>Ocimum sanctum </italic>seed oil maximum DIZ at 7 μL was 61.0 mm for<italic> Candida krusei </italic>ATCC 6258 and the least DIZ was 46.7 mm for <italic>Candida tropicalis</italic> ATCC 13803. The mixtures of phospholipids and unsaponifiable matter exhibitedMIC values at 1.25 μL for both oils, whereas neutral lipids fraction and unsaponifiable matter exhibited similar MIC at 2.5 μL against <italic>Candida albicans </italic>and <italic>Candida krusei</italic>.Conclusion. <italic>Centratherum anthelminticum</italic> and<italic> Ocimum sanctumseed </italic>oils exhibited strong antifungal activity against six different species of <italic>Candida </italic>and this may be attributed to various active components in the oil and their synergistic activity.